How often can be refilled?
Every manufacturer wants to ensure that their ink cartridges work properly over the entire period. Preferably, however, they would then build the cartridges in such a way that they explode or vanish into thin air at the end of the usage period. This would be the only way to guarantee that users don't refill their cartridges with ink, but actually buy new ink cartridges that put plenty of money back into the manufacturers' coffers.
However, we have made the experience that printer cartridges can be refilled with ink more often than originally thought.
Small cartridges with sponges, e.g. HP color cartridges 500 and 600 can be refilled 4-5 times per color in practice. After that the sponge is so saturated that it can only hold very little ink and the cartridge starts to drip almost immediately after you start refilling the ink at the bottom, with large cartridges like Canon 600, HP 800 - 1200, Stylus 800 it happens more often, we have - because we wanted to know - kept an HP 1100 color cartridge alive for 14 months (with weekly refilling) but it just becomes less and less ink that the sponge can store and thus more and more time consuming.
Black high capacity cartridges can be refilled more often if no mistakes are made. However, the nozzles become larger over time, i.e. the cartridge carries more ink, which then leads to the ink flowing on poor paper or in color printing.